Opportunity is not equally distributed. The common heuristics used to judge graduates, such as the university they attended, overlook significant amounts of genuine talent.
The most effective learning practices are rarely used: institutions that invest in education are often not rewarded for the quality of the output, so the incentives don’t align.
Yet Benjamin Bloom’s seminal educational research proved that the right methods can change learning outcomes by 2 standard deviations (2 sigmas).